Noun

person, idea, thing, place
subject, indirect object, direct object, subject compliment, object complement, appositive, adjective

Pronoun

Used instead of a noun or noun phrase
personal, demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative, possessive, reflexive and intensive, relative

Adjective

Words that describe nouns
opinion, size, physical quality, shape, age, color, origin, material, type, purpose

Verb

Words that describe action
dynamic or action, stative, auxiliary. modal auxiliary, phrasal

Adverbs

Words that describes an adjective, a verb, another adverb or a sentence

Prepositions

A word that tells you where or where something is in relation to something else

Conjunctions

A word that is used to connect clauses, sentences or words together
coordinating, correlative, subordinating

Articles

definite article - the
indefinite - a, an