Garbage Collection
Advantages
Error Free (GC takes care of memory management)
Faster write times (Developer does not have to worry about memory)
Disadvantages
No control over memory
Slower and unpredictable runtime behavior (GC can occur at any point of time)
Larger program size (GC needs to be included with code)
High Level Languages: Python, C#, Java, JavaScript
Manual Memory Management
Advantages
Granular control over memory
Faster runtime (Can perform optimizations based on use case)
Smaller program size
Disadvantages
Error prone (Developer can introduce memory leaks and other security issues)
Slower write times
Low Level Languages: C, C++
Ownership Model
Advantages
Control over memory
Mostly error free (Rust allows to disable memory checks)
Faster runtime
Smaller program size
Disadvantages
Slower write time. Steep learning curve
Low Level Language: Rust
Demystifying memory management in modern programming languages